Worcester v. Georgia (1832)

1) Link to the Actual Opinion
Read the U.S. Reports opinion (PDF)

2) Summary of the Opinion
Georgia passed laws requiring non-Native Americans to obtain a state license before living on Cherokee land. Samuel Worcester, a missionary, refused and was convicted. The Supreme Court overturned his conviction, holding that only the federal government—not the states—had authority in Indian affairs.

3) Why It Mattered
This case affirmed tribal sovereignty and the federal government’s exclusive role in regulating relations with Native nations. It directly challenged Georgia’s attempt to extend its authority into Cherokee territory.