Rights
Freedom of Speech
You can criticize the government, advocate unpopular ideas, and share information.
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Freedom of the Press
Press can publish information and criticize officials; prior restraints are presumptively unconstitutional.
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Free Exercise of Religion
Government can’t target religious practice; neutral, generally applicable laws usually stand.
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No Government Establishment of Religion
Government cannot endorse or establish a religion.
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Right to Petition the Government
You can ask the government to fix problems without being punished for it.
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Right to Keep and Bear Arms
Individuals have a right to possess firearms for lawful purposes; regulations vary.
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Due Process (Procedural)
Government must follow fair procedures before taking life, liberty, or property.
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Due Process (Substantive)
Some liberties are so fundamental that government must meet very high standards to restrict them.
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Equal Protection
Government can’t treat similarly situated people differently without adequate justification.
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Search & Seizure
Police need probable cause and particularized warrants; narrow exceptions exist.
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Criminal Trial Rights (Counsel, Jury, Confrontation)
Core protections for anyone accused of a crime.
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