Article III

The Judicial Branch

Overview

Article III establishes the federal judiciary, including the Supreme Court and lower federal courts created by Congress. It defines judicial power, jurisdiction, and the crime of treason.

Section 1 - Federal Courts

Judicial power vested in the Supreme Court and inferior courts established by Congress
Judges serve during "good behavior" (lifetime appointments)
Judges' compensation cannot be reduced during their service

Section 2 - Jurisdiction

Federal courts have jurisdiction over:

Cases arising under the Constitution, federal laws, and treaties
Cases affecting ambassadors and public ministers
Admiralty and maritime cases
Controversies involving the United States
Disputes between states
Disputes between citizens of different states
Cases involving foreign nations or citizens

Supreme Court Original Jurisdiction: Cases involving ambassadors and states. In all other cases, the Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction.

Trial by Jury: All crimes (except impeachment) must be tried by jury in the state where committed.

Section 3 - Treason

Treason defined as levying war against the U.S. or giving aid and comfort to enemies
Conviction requires testimony of two witnesses or confession in open court
Congress sets punishment for treason
Punishment cannot include "corruption of blood" (punishing family members)