Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA, 2007)

1) Link to the Text of the Act
Read the statute (Pub. L. 110–140)

2) Why It Was Done
EISA was passed to reduce U.S. dependence on oil, improve energy efficiency, and promote renewable fuels. It expanded the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS), raised vehicle fuel economy (CAFE) standards, and promoted green building and appliance efficiency.

3) Pre-existing Law or Constitutional Rights
It built upon the Energy Policy Acts of 1992 and 2005, while pushing stronger mandates for renewables and efficiency.

4) Overreach or Proper Role?
Supporters say it advanced sustainability and reduced oil dependence. Critics argue it distorted markets (especially corn ethanol) and imposed costly mandates on automakers and utilities.

5) Who or What It Controls

• Automakers (raised fuel economy requirements)
• Fuel producers (mandated biofuel blending)
• Utilities and appliance manufacturers (efficiency standards)
• Federal agencies (green building standards, procurement rules)

6) Key Sections / Citations

• CAFE Standards: Raised to 35 mpg by 2020
• Renewable Fuel Standard: Expanded biofuel blending mandates
• Energy efficiency standards: Lighting, appliances, federal buildings
• Smart grid provisions for electricity reliability and modernization

7) Recent Changes or Live Controversies

• Biofuel mandates continue to spark debate over food vs. fuel tradeoffs
• Push for electric vehicles has overtaken earlier biofuel priorities
• Still cited in debates on renewable energy and grid modernization

8) Official Sources

• Congress.gov – EISA 2007
• DOE – Energy Independence and Security Act
• Full Text – Pub. L. 110–140

• Energy
• Environment
• Renewables
• Fuel Economy
• Efficiency